The keffiyeh, also known in Egypt as a ḥaṭṭa (حطة), is a traditional square-shaped headscarf that holds deep cultural and historical significance across the Middle East and North Africa, including Egypt. Typically made of cotton or a cotton-wool blend, the keffiyeh is lightweight yet durable, ideal for the hot and arid climates of the region.

In Egyptian tradition, the keffiyeh is often worn by rural men, Bedouins, and farmers, both as a practical garment and a cultural statement. It is common draped over the head and secured with an agal (a black cord) or simply tied in various styles depending on the region and occasion. While it primarily serves to protect against the sun, dust, and sand, it also carries deep symbolic value, representing resilience, national pride, and connection to the land.

Traditionally found in colors like black and white or red and white, each pattern and hue may reflect tribal affiliations or regional identity. In recent decades, the keffiyeh has also taken on political and social symbolism, often associated with solidarity and resistance in broader Arab culture.

Though simple in appearance, the keffiyeh remains a powerful emblem of Egyptian heritage—bridging practicality with identity, and history with daily life.